The Impact of the Global Movement of Open Access (OA) on OA Publishing for Canadian Government Science Researchers Yongtao Lin, Marisa Ruccolo & Alana Pollock-Greenwood ORCIDs: 0000 0003 4028 8777, 0000 0002 1627 7579, 0000 0003 1095 0205 True North Science Boot Camp, Mount Royal University May 26, 2021 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Outline • Introduction • Our study – Research Questions – Methods – Results – Discussion • What was learned © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 2 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Open Access (OA) Timeline 1980s 1990s 2000 “Free access” online journals ArXiv Public Library of Science (PLoS) OA journal publishing BioMed Central Periods of Interest 1982-2001 2002-2003 Budapest OA Initiative Bethesda Statement on OA Publishing Berlin Declaration on OA 2011 2016 Canada joins Open Government Partnership (OGP) Federal Science Libraries Network (FSLN) • Open Information • Open Data Portal Directory of OA Journals (DOAJ) 2002-2011 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 2012-2017 2018 2020-2021 Government of Canada: Plan S (cOAlition S) Roadmap for Open Science COVID-19 pandemic Open COVID-19-related publications UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science 2018-2020 2020-2021 3 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Research Questions ★ Have OA mandates, Open Science (OS) initiatives, and the current global pandemic led to a growth of Open Government resources and OA publications? ○ How did the availability of open publications contribute to research impact assessment? ○ Have government researchers’ publishing practices been influenced by OA mandates and publishers’ OA policies? ○ Are there any disciplinary differences in OA funding, and OA publishing? © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 4 Methods Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood • The Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection was used to locate OA publications and citation trends in four OA variants: – DOAJ Gold, Other or Hybrid Gold, Green Accepted, and Green Published. • Analysis was conducted using the WoS Core Collection and InCites Benchmarking & Analytics to form stories in government institutional repositories, citation premiums benefiting from OA publishing, Canadian funders and collaborators for OA documents, etc. • Publication data was tabulated manually to correspond to the key OA time frames for OA impact analysis. • 2020 data was added to see if trends remained constant or changed, either slightly or significantly. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 5 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood OA Growth FSLN Departments © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 6 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Trends in FSLN: OA Growth Time Periods 1: 1982-2001 2: 2002-2010 3: 2011-2017 4: 2018-2019 5: 2020 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 7 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) for FSLN Publications by Department, 1982-2020 CNCI CNCI for all FSLN publications from 1982 2020 CNCI for FSLN OA Publications from 1982 - 2020 CNCI for nonOA FSLN publications from 1982 2020 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 8 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood CNCI for FSLN Researchers’ OA Outputs, 1982-2020 The global average CNCI being 1, a higher number represents an above average citation impact. Spikes in CNCI: ● NRCan publications in the late 1980s. ● ECCC publications in 1980/90s. ● HC and PHAC publications in 2010s. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 9 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood CNCI for FSLN Publications by Research Area, 1982CNCI for all FSLN publications from 1982-2020 2020 CNCI for FSLN OA Publications from 1982-2020 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 10 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Gold & Green OA Output by FSLN Department, 19822020 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 11 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood 12 Top 10 Funders for FSLN Researchers’ OA Output, 1982-2020 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Journals Where FSLN Researchers are Most Frequently Publishing OA Output, 19822020 Diamond OA Gold OA Hybrid (Gold) OA Immediate & delayed (hybrid Gold and Green) OA options © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 13 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Then Year 2020 Global demand for OA. ❖ Digital transformation became a reality. ❖ How science is conceived, conducted, collaborated, and shared has changed permanently. ❖ The world of library vendors shrunk. ❖ © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 14 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood 2020: CNCI for OA and for Non-OA Outputs © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 15 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Top 10 Funders for FSLN Researchers’ OA Output, 2020 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 16 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood FSLN Research Collaborations, 2020 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 17 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Top Ten Publishers by Number of Publications2020 Top Ten Publishers in DOAJ - 2020 Springer Nature Elsevier 3558 18 3329 157 142 3812 Mdpi 196 Wiley 205 4993 1293 Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh Springer Nature 393 33788 5496 Public Library Science Amer Chemical Soc Natl Research Council Canada 5992 Frontiers Media Sa 563 Wiley Taylor & Francis 1076 7147 AGR INST CANADA Optical Soc Amer 775 11582 12479 Elsevier CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS Amer Geophysical Union Oxford Univ Press © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 973 Oxford Univ Press Us Dept Health Human Sciences Public Health Science Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Cost of OA Publishing in FSLN: A Snapshot of Hybrid Gold Publishers in 2020 19 ➢ *Average APC price by publisher ranges from 246 to 2,851 USD. ➢ In 2020, the estimated APC paid (subset of all Gold OA) by the 7 federal departments and agencies to hybrid gold publishers could range from 914,136 USD to 10,594,316 USD as calculated from the high and low end of average APCs above*. *Morrison, H. (2019). APC price changes 2019 – 2018 by journal and by publisher. Sustaining the Knowledge Commons. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 20 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood FSLN Researchers in 2020 3164 researchers published 1 or more documents, the highest being 37. ● 1217 out 3164 (39%) authors have deposited their papers in Green (repositories). ● 65 highly cited papers, 37 indexed in DOAJ, 43 other Gold, 56 deposited in Green. ● © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 21 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Key Learnings and Discussion 1. OA mandates and policies. 2. Cost of OA. 3. Scholarly communications full cycle. – E.g. Journal policies for self-archiving – green OA. 4. Roles of research libraries. 5. Open scholarship is a public good. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 22 Authors: Lin, Ruccolo, & Pollock-Greenwood Questions Thank you - Merci Yongtao Lin: yongtao.lin@canada.ca Marisa Ruccolo: marisa.ruccolo@Clarivate.com Alana Pollock-Greenwood: alana.pollock-greenwood@canada.ca © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 23