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Title: Changes in Achilles tendon stiffness and energy cost following a prolonged run in trained distance runners
Contributor(s): Jared R. Fletcher (author); Brian R. MacIntosh (author)
Date issued: 2018; 2018
Description: During prolonged running, the magnitude of Achilles tendon (AT) length change may increase, resulting in increased tendon strain energy return with each step. AT elongation might also affect the magnitude of triceps surae (TS) muscle shortening and shortening velocity, requiring greater activation and increased muscle energy cost. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the tendon strain energy return and muscle energy cost necessary to allow energy storage to occur prior to and following prolonged running. 14 trained male (n = 10) and female (n = 4) distance runners (24 +/- 4 years, 1.72 +/- 0.09 m, 61 +/- 10 kg, (V) over barO(2)max 64.6 +/- 5.8 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)) ran 90 minutes (RUN) at...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: The effects of increased midsole bending stiffness of sports shoes on muscle-tendon unit shortening and shortening velocity: a randomized crossover trial in recreational male runners
Contributor(s): Sasa Cigoja (author); Michael J. Asmussen (author); Colin R. Firminger (author); Jared R. Fletcher (author); W. Brent Edwards (author); Benno M. Nigg (author)
Date issued: 2020; 2020
Description: Background: Individual compliances of the foot-shoe interface have been suggested to store and release elastic strain energy via ligamentous and tendinous structures or by increased midsole bending stiffness (MBS), compression stiffness, and resilience of running shoes. It is unknown, however, how these compliances interact with each other when the MBS of a running shoe is increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate how structures of the foot-shoe interface are influenced during running by changes to the MBS of sport shoes. Methods: A randomised crossover trial was performed, where 13 male, recreational runners ran on an instrumented treadmill at 3.5 m center dot s(-1) while...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Can changes in midsole bending stiffness of shoes affect the onset of joint work redistribution during a prolonged run?
Contributor(s): Sasa Cigoja (author); Jared R. Fletcher (author); Benno M. Nigg (author)
Date issued: 2021-01-10; 2021-01-10
Description: Objective: To investigate if changing the midsole bending stiffness of athletic footwear can affect the onset of lower limb joint work redistribu-tion during a prolonged run.Methods: Fifteen trained male runners (10-km time of
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Increasing the midsole bending stiffness of shoes alters gastrocnemius medialis muscle function during running
Contributor(s): Sasa Cigoja (author); Jared R. Fletcher (author); Michael Esposito (author); Darren J. Stefanyshyn (author); Benno M. Nigg (author)
Date issued: 2021-01-01; 2021-01-01
Description: In recent years, increasing the midsole bending stifness (MBS) of running shoes by embedding carbon fbre plates in the midsole resulted in many world records set during long-distance running competitions. Although several theories were introduced to unravel the mechanisms behind these performance benefts, no defnitive explanation was provided so far. This study aimed to investigate how the function of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle and Achilles tendon is altered when running in shoes with increased MBS. Here, we provide the frst direct evidence that the amount and velocity of GM muscle fascicle shortening is reduced when running with increased MBS. Compared to control, running in...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Simulation in Social Work: Creativity of Students and Faculty during COVID-19
Contributor(s): Christina Tortorelli (author); Peter Choate (author); Marissa Clayton (author); Naya El Jamal (author); Sukhman Kaur (author); Katherine Schantz (author); Library OA fund (funder)
Date issued: 2021; 2021
Description: Simulation learning plays an important role in social work education, allowing students to explore how theory and practice parameters can be integrated into actual situations they are likely to experience in the field. The arrival of COVID-19 and the sudden cessation of in-field practicum opportunities raised challenges for students to gain needed practice experience. Simulation offers an opportunity to enhance learning in place of some direct experience when that is not available. This paper reports on a simulation development practicum, where students, not able to be in an agency, sought out ways to achieve learning through the development and implementation of simulation learning. This...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: “You have to be okay with okay”: experiences of flourishing among university students transitioning directly from high school
Contributor(s): Christina Volstad (author); Jean Hughes (author); Sonya L. Jakubec (author); Sonya Flessati (author); Lois Jackson (author); Ruth Martin-Misener (author)
Date issued: 2020; 2020
Description: Mental health is central to overall wellbeing and, for students attending university, mental health is critical for learning and academic success. A wealth of research has focused on young people who experience psychosocial declines during academic and developmental transitions, but little is known about how young people flourish in this transition. The first to explore the experiences of flourishing among first-year Canadian university students making the transition directly from high school, this study sought to develop an understanding of: 1) the factors that promote flourishing amidst this academic and developmental transition, and 2) how first-year students define and experience...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Dietary restrictions in endurance runners to mitigate exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms
Contributor(s): Jill A. Parnell (author); Kim Wagner-Jones (author); Robyn F. Madden (author); Kelly Anne Erdman (author); Mount Royal University Innovation Grant (funder); Library OA Fund (funder)
Date issued: 2020; 2020
Description: Background: Endurance runners frequently experience exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, negatively impacting their performance. Food choices pre-exercise have a significant impact on the gut’s tolerance to running, yet little information is available as to which foods runners restrict prior to exercise. Methods: A questionnaire designed to assess dietary restrictions pre-racing and gastrointestinal symptoms was administered to 388 runners. Fisher’s exact tests determined differences in gender, age, performance level, and distance with follow-up multivariable logistic regression modeling. Results: Runners regularly avoided meat (32%), milk products (31%), fish/seafood (28%),...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of computer based testing
Contributor(s): Jennifer Hooper (author)
Date issued: 2020-03; 2020-03
Description: Background & Purpose:The National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) is a computer adaptive licensure examination that nursing students are eligible to write upon completion of their undergraduate nursing degree. Success on this exam is a requirement for Registered Nurse practice. Historically, the Canadian licensure examination was a paper-based exam. However, in 2015 the NCLEX-RN was adopted. Initially Canadian pass rates declined and nursing schools have been seeking strategies to better prepare students for this exam. Practice with computer based testing (CBT) may be one approach. However, CBT has not been widely used and many nursing programs continue with...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Procedures of rat in situ skeletal muscle contractile properties
Contributor(s): Brian R. MacIntosh (author); Shane P. Esau (author); R. John Holash (author); Jared R. Fletcher (author)
Date issued: 2011; 2011
Description: There are many circumstances where it is desirable to obtain the contractile response of skeletal muscle under physiological circumstances: normal circulation, intact whole muscle, at body temperature. This includes the study of contractile responses like posttetanic potentiation, staircase and fatigue. Furthermore, the consequences of disease, disuse, injury, training and drug treatment can be of interest. This video demonstrates appropriate procedures to set up and use this valuable muscle preparation. To set up this preparation, the animal must be anesthetized, and the medial gastrocnemius muscle is surgically isolated, with the origin intact. Care must be taken to maintain the blood...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Energy cost of running and Achilles tendon stiffness in man and woman trained runners
Contributor(s): Jared R. Fletcher (author)
Date issued: 2013; 2013
Description: The energy cost of running (Erun), a key determinant of distance running performance, is influenced by several factors. Although it is important to express Erun as energy cost, no study has used this approach to compare similarly trained men and women. Furthermore, the relationship between Achilles tendon (AT) stiffness and Erun has not been compared between men and women. Therefore, our purpose was to determine if sex‐specific differences in Erun and/or AT stiffness existed. Erun (kcal kg−1 km−1) was determined by indirect calorimetry at 75%, 85%, and 95% of the speed at lactate threshold (sLT) on 11 man (mean ± SEM, 35 ± 1 years, 177 ± 1 cm, 78 ± 1 kg, V˙O2max = 56 ± 1 mL kg−1 min−1)...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Running economy from a muscle energetics perspective
Contributor(s): Jared R. Fletcher (author)
Date issued: 2017; 2017
Description: The economy of running has traditionally been quantified from the mass-specific oxygen uptake; however, because fuel substrate usage varies with exercise intensity, it is more accurate to express running economy in units of metabolic energy. Fundamentally, the understanding of the major factors that influence the energy cost of running (E-run) can be obtained with this approach. E-run is determined by the energy needed for skeletal muscle contraction. Here, we approach the study of E-run from that perspective. The amount of energy needed for skeletal muscle contraction is dependent on the force, duration, shortening, shortening velocity, and length of the muscle. These factors therefore...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Parental perception of neonatal transfers from level 3 to level 2 neonatal intensive care units in Calgary, Alberta: qualitative findings
Contributor(s): Aliyah Dosani (author); Prashanth Murthy (author); Shafana Kassam (author); Baldeep Rai (author); Abhay K. Lodha (author); Library OA fund (funder)
Date issued: September 2021; September 2021
Description: Background Retro-transfers from level 3 to 2 NICUs in Alberta’s regionalization of neonatal care system are essential to ensure the proper utilization of level 3 NICUs for complex neonatal cases. Parents often experience distress that relates to the transfer of their neonates to another hospital. Limited information is available regarding parental perceptions of distress during transfers for neonates requiring care between NICUs in the current Canadian context. The objective of this study was to investigate: 1) what caused parents distress and could be changed about the transfer process and 2) the supports that were available to help ease parental distress during the transfer process....
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Perceived stress may mediate the relationship between antenatal depressive symptoms and preterm birth: A pilot observational cohort study
Contributor(s): Sharifa Lalani (author); Aliyah Dosani (author); Ntonghanwah Forcheh (author); Shahirose Sadrudin Premji (author); Sana Siddiqui (author); Kiran Shaikh (author); Ayesha Mian (author); Maternal-infant Global Health Team (MiGHT) (author)
Date issued: May 4, 2021; May 4, 2021
Description: Background Screening for changes in pregnancy-related anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy may further our understanding of the relationship between these two variables and preterm birth. Objectives To determine whether changes in pregnancy-related anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy influence the risk of preterm birth among Pakistani women; explore whether perceived stress moderates or mediates this relationship, and examine the relationship between the various components of pregnancy-related anxiety and preterm birth. Methods A prospective cohort study design was used to recruit a diverse sample of 300 low-risk pregnant women from four centers of Aga Khan...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: The Need to Act: Incest as a Crime Given Low Priority—A View with India as an Example
Contributor(s): Peter Choate (author); Radha Sharan (author); Library OA fund (funder)
Date issued: 2021-04-01; 2021-04-01
Description: Background: Incest is a form of sexual activity that occurs within family or kinship systems. It is prohibited by religion and law in most countries as well as by social mores or taboos. Data from various parts of the world indicate, however, that it appears to be a relatively common event, although there is reason to believe that the actual frequency is unknown. Most available data focus upon children as victims, although we note that incest also occurs between adult family members. Methods: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. With a focus upon India, the search tools of Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar and PUBMED were used to identify articles that legally...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Changes in tendon compliance and muscle energetics of in vivo human skeletal muscle
Contributor(s): Jared R. Fletcher (author); University of Calgary Faculty of Graduate Studies (Degree granting institution)
Date issued: 2014-12; 2014-12
Description: Recently published reports suggest the role of the muscles and tendons of the lower limbs are an important factor in determining the energy cost of running (Erun). Specifically, there exists a link between the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon (AT) and Erun but the impact of the muscle’s energy cost is not considered. To date, very little is known regarding the interaction between AT stiffness, muscle energetics and Erun. Further, little is known about the AT stiffnessenergetics relationship in female runners. Therefore, the overall goal of this thesis was to explore the relationship between AT stiffness and muscle energetics in male and female distance runners. The first study...
Appears in collection(s): Health, Community and Education

Title: Business and Communication Studies
Description: Research and scholarship contributed by faculty members primarily based in the Bissett School of Business or the School of Communication Studies.
Appears in collection(s): Faculty Research & Scholarship

Title: Gender bias in student evaluation of teaching or mirage?
Contributor(s): Bob Uttl (author); Victoria Violo (author); Library OA fund (funder)
Date issued: 2021; 2021
Description: In a recent small sample study, Khazan et al. [1] examined SET ratings received by one female teaching (TA) assistant who assisted with teaching two sections of the same online course, one section under her true gender and one section under false/opposite gender. Khazan et al. concluded that their study demonstrated gender bias against female TA even though they found no statistical difference in SET ratings between male vs. female TA (p = 0.73). To claim gender bias, Khazan et al. ignored their overall findings and focused on distribution of six “negative” SET ratings and claimed, without reporting any statistical test results, that (a) female students gave more positive ratings to male...
Appears in collection(s): Arts

Title: Development, Responsibility, and the Creation of Urban Hazard Risk
Contributor(s): Timothy J. Haney (author)
Date issued: 2021; 2021
Description: Scholarly attention has recently shifted to the creation and redevelopment of urban hazardscapes. This body of work demonstrates how housing is deployed in close proximity to hazards, and how the attendant risks have been communicated—or not—to potential residents. Utilizing the case of Calgary, Alberta, this article uses interview data collected from flood-impacted residents, and looks at their perceptions of development and risk creation. The analyses focus on how people attribute responsibility for development in flood-prone areas, and their views on future development in these areas. Results reveal that many residents argued for more government regulations preventing new development...
Appears in collection(s): Arts

Title: 'Scientists don't care about truth anymore': the climate crisis and rejection of science in Canada's oil country
Contributor(s): Timothy J. Haney (author)
Date issued: 2021; 2021
Description: Recent research in the area of science and technology studies focuses on climate change denial, the spread of misinformation, and public distrust in climate scientists; these beliefs are held especially by those dependent on fossil fuel extraction for their livelihoods. Many of the same individuals who deny the scientific consensus on climate change are nevertheless directly impacted by the climate crisis and environmental disasters. In fossil fuel dependent locations, do people continue to deny the scientific consensus on climate change and distrust climate scientists even after themselves experiencing a catastrophic flood? This paper investigates this question through interviews with 40...
Appears in collection(s): Arts

Title: Small samples, unreasonable generalizations, and outliers: Gender bias in student evaluation of teaching or three unhappy students?
Contributor(s): Bob Uttl (author); Victoria C. Violo (author); Library OA Fund (funder)
Date issued: 2021; 2021
Description: In a widely cited and widely talked about study, MacNell et al. (2015) [1] examined SET ratings of one female and one male instructor, each teaching two sections of the same online course, one section under their true gender and the other section under false/opposite gender. MacNell et al. concluded that students rated perceived female instructors more harshly than perceived male instructors, demonstrating gender bias against perceived female instructors. Boring, Ottoboni, and Stark (2016) [2] re-analyzed MacNell et al.’s data and confirmed their conclusions. However, the design of MacNell et al. study is fundamentally flawed. First, MacNell et al.’ section sample sizes were extremely...
Appears in collection(s): Arts