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Simulated synapse loss induces depression-like behaviors in deep reinforcement learning
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Peer Reviewed
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Author (aut): Chalmers, Eric
Author (aut): Duarte, Santina
Author (aut): Al-Hejji, Xena
Author (aut): Devoe, Daniel
Author (aut): Gruber, Aaron
Author (aut): McDonald, Robert J
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Funder (fnd): Library OA fund
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Abstract |
Abstract
Deep Reinforcement Learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that uses artificial neural networks to model reward-based learning as it occurs in biological agents. Here we modify a Deep Reinforcement Learning approach by imposing a suppressive effect on the connections between neurons in the artificial network—simulating the effect of dendritic spine loss as observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). Surprisingly, this simulated spine loss is sufficient to induce a variety of MDD-like behaviors in the artificially intelligent agent, including anhedonia, increased temporal discounting, avoidance, and an altered exploration/exploitation balance. Furthermore, simulating alternative and longstanding reward-processing-centric conceptions of MDD (dysfunction of the dopamine system, altered reward discounting, context-dependent learning rates, increased exploration) does not produce the same range of MDD-like behaviors. These results support a conceptual model of MDD as a reduction of brain connectivity (and thus information-processing capacity) rather than an imbalance in monoamines—though the computational model suggests a possible explanation for the dysfunction of dopamine systems in MDD. Reversing the spine-loss effect in our computational MDD model can lead to rescue of rewarding behavior under some conditions. This supports the search for treatments that increase plasticity and synaptogenesis, and the model suggests some implications for their effective administration. |
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Volume 18, Issue 2024
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PUBLISHED
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DOI
10.3389/fncom.2024.1466364
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This work is completed in its entirety by Eric Chalmers, Santina Duarte, Xena Al-Hejji, Daniel Devoe, Aaron Gruber, and Robert J McDonald. This work is licensed under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) license.
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Keywords
Major depressive disorder
Reinforcement learning
Neuroplaticity
Monoamine hypothesis
Psychedelics
Reward prediction error
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English
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Simulated synapse loss induces depression-like behaviors in deep reinforcement learning
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